وضعیت حقوقی تصرفات در خیار مجلس
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق مدنی
جواد واحدی‌زاده
1
(استادیارفقه و حقوق اسلامی، گروه الهیات و فقه و مبانی حقوق، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران. )
سیده مریم اسدی نژاد
2
( پزشک عمومی، عضو هیئت علمی گروه حقوق، موسسه آموزش عالی دانشگاه احرار،رشت، ایران)
کلید واژه: خیار مجلس, افتراق, تصرف مبیع, تصرف ثمن ,
چکیده مقاله :
هرچند عقد بیع عقدی لازم و غیر قابل فسخ بوده لیکن چنانچه متبایعین در مجلسی عقد بیع را منعقد کنند مادامی که فی‌المجلس هستند می‌توانند بدون ارایه دلیل عقد بیع را فسخ نمایند. در واقع اطلاق عقد بیع فی‌المجلس برای طرفین این حق را ایجاد می‌نماید بااین حال متبایعین می‌توانند ضمن عقد ویا بعداز عقد و یا از طریق جداشدن وتفرق خیار مجلس را زائل نمایند. تصرف نیز یکی از موجبات از بین بردن خیار مجلس است. همان طور که در مورد نحوه تفرقی که غایت خیار مجلس است بین فقها اختلاف است در مورد تصرف نیز اختلاف است چونکه تصرف دو روی یک سکه است. از نظر برخی از فقها برخی از تصرفات موجب زوال خیار ولی برخی برعکس ممکن است عرفا به معنی اعمال خیار مجلس و التزام به عقد بوده باشد. دراین مقاله ضمن بررسی مفهوم عرفی تصرف معلوم می‌گردد که چون خیار به عقد تعلق داردنه به عوضین. همچنین تصرفات مادی که با علم به وجود خیار صورت می‌گیرد موجب زوال خیار مجلس می‌گرددولی تصرفاتی از قبیل فروش واجاره مبیع توسط بایع ممکن است به مفهوم فسخ فعلی محسوب گردد.
Although sale contract is a binding and uncancellable contract, if the seller and buyer sign the sale contract in a meeting place, as long as they are in the meeting place they can cancel the contract without explanation of their reason. In fact, it is the application of the meeting place contract that creates such a right for the parties. Nevertheless, the buyer and seller can exclude the “meeting place option” through including a condition in the contract or by leaving the meeting place or separation of the parties or the seizure of the sold item/price. As there is a difference of opinions among the jurists as regards the mode of dissolution that is the goal of “meeting place option”, the jurists are also divided on the the seizure of the sold item/price of the option because the separation of parties and the seizure of the sold item/price are two sides of the same coin. Some jurists believe that the seizure of the sold item/price may result in the cancellation of option but some others would even imply the implementation of the option of meeting place and the bindingness of the contract. In the present essay, after the analysis of the concept of “metting place option”, we discuss the conditions of the realization of metting place option as well as those occasions that lead to the cancellation of the meeting place option and the finalization of the sale contract. Moreover, our study of the public notion of the seizure of the sold item/price renders it clear that option belongs to the contract not to the exchanged items. Also the material seizures that takes place being informed of the existence of the option leads to the cancellation of the meeting place option but such modes of seizure like selling or leasing the sold item by the seller might be understood as an act of actual cancellation.
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