آثار حقوقی ناشی از قرار داد انتقال سلول های جنسی (تخمک و اسپرم)
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق پزشکی
سیده مریم اسدی نژاد
1
( پزشک عمومی، عضو هیأت علمی حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، مؤسسه فناوری و آموزش عالی احرار، رشت، ایران.)
کلید واژه: حقوق, سلول جنسی, قرارداد , باروری. ,
چکیده مقاله :
در حال حاضر در سراسر دنیا زوج های نابارور بسیاری با استفاده از روش های کمک باروری دارای فرزند شده‌اند. ما در این پژوهش سعی در این داریم به بررسی فقهی و حقوقی تلقیح مصنوعی بپردازیم زیرا حقوق ما ریشه در فقه دارد و بدون پرداختن به مبانی فقهی امور وضع حقوق برای آنها مشکل می‌شود. در نتیجه در بررسی فقهی ابتدا به حکم تکلیفی یعنی جواز یا حرمت استفاده از این روش‌های تلقیح مصنوعی می‌پردازیم و سپس به حکم وضعی این روش‌های تلقیح که منجر به مشخص شدن نسب این کودکان می‌شود و در نهایت به بررسی حقوقی نسب فرزند حاصل ازتلقیح مصنوعی می‌پردازیم زیراکه با معلوم شدن نسب طفل وضعیت‌های دیگر او نظیر حضانت وسرپرستی و غیره روشن خواهد شد. باروري جدید یا تلقیح مصنوعی نشان دهنده یک رویکرد درمانی است، که در اواخر قرن بیستم براي درمان ناباروري در زوجین شکل گرفت. این روش درمانی در سال 1765 آغاز و سرانجام به درمان ناباروري در انسان منتهی گردید و از جمله روش هاي مورد استفاده در این زمینه استفاده از رحم زن بیگانه یا رحم همسر دوم مرد براي قرار دادن جنین جهت رشد تا لحظه تولد طفل می باشد.
Nowadays, many infertile couples around the world have become parents through assisted reproductive technologies. In this study, we aim to examine the jurisprudential and legal aspects of artificial insemination, as our legal system is rooted in jurisprudence and without addressing its fundamental principles, it becomes difficult to establish legal rights for them. Therefore, in the jurisprudential examination, we first address the issue of permissibility or prohibition of using these artificial insemination methods, and then examine the legal status of these methods that determine the lineage of these children, and finally discuss the legal rights and obligations of the parties involved in the artificial insemination contract, as determining the child's lineage will clarify other issues such as custody and guardianship. New fertility or artificial insemination is a therapeutic approach that was developed in the late twentieth century to treat infertility in couples. This therapeutic method began in 1765 and eventually led to the treatment of infertility in humans, and among the methods used in this regard is the use of a surrogate or second husband's womb to place the fetus for growth until the moment of birth.
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