اصل عینیت و بی طرفی در اِعمال صلاحیت های اختیاری در آیینۀ یک رأیِ دیوان عدالت اداری
محورهای موضوعی : Citizenship rights
سید شهاب الدین موسوی زاده مرکیه
1
(مدرس حقوق عمومی و پژوهشگر جامعه شناسی حقوق، گروه حقوق، دانشگاه گیلان، ایران.)
کلید واژه: اصل عینیت و بی طرفی, صلاحیت اختیاری, دیوان عدالت اداری, گزینش, جامعه شناسی حقوق,
چکیده مقاله :
صلاحیت اختیاری، قدرتی است که قانونگذار با هدف تأمین مصالح همگانی به مقامات عمومی اعطاء می¬کند. این اختیار در حوزه¬های مختلفی از جمله جذب داوطلبان استخدام در دستگاه¬های دولتی بروز و ظهور می¬یابد. بر اساس اعلامیه جهانی حقوق بشر افراد در دستیابی به مشاغل عمومی کشور خود از حق برابر برخوردارند. بر طبق قانون مدیریت خدمات کشوری نیز اصل شایسته سالاری بر ورود به دستگاه¬های اجرایی حاکم است. در این میان اما قرار دادن ضوابطی علاوه بر قبولی در مسابقۀ ورودی، مانند ضوابط عقیدتی، بر اساس قانون مدیریت خدمات کشوری مبنای حقوقی دارد. حال پرسش این است که چگونه می¬توان این دو امر مهم (شایسته سالاری و رعایت ضوابط گزینش) را محقق ساخت؟ این مقاله کوشید با یک مطالعه کتابخانه¬ای، با ابزار فیش برداری و با هدف توصیف و تحلیل، با تأکید بر رأی یک شعبه دیوان عدالت اداری، به این پرسش بپردازد. نتایج نشان داد رعایت اصل عینیت و بی طرفی از سوی دستگاه¬های اجرایی و نظارت دیوان عدالت اداری بر این امر، ابزار خوبی جهت تأمین شایسته هدف قانونگذار از اعطای صلاحیت¬های اختیاری به مقامات اداری است.
Discretionary power is a power granted by the legislator to public authorities with the aim of serving the public interest. This power is exercised in various areas, including the recruitment of volunteers in government agencies. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, individuals have the right to equal access to public employment in their own country. According to the Law on the Administration of Public Services, the principle of meritocracy applies to entry into executive agencies. However, placing criteria such as religious beliefs in addition to acceptance in the entrance competition has a legal basis according to the Law on the Administration of Public Services. The question now is how can these two important issues (meritocracy and compliance with selection criteria) be achieved? This article attempts to answer this question by describing and analyzing a decision by an administrative court through a library study using data extraction tools. The results showed that compliance with the principles of impartiality and neutrality by executive agencies and supervision by administrative courts are good tools for achieving the legislative goal of granting discretionary powers to administrative authorities.
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