مسئولیت مدنی سرپرست صغیر در برابر فعل زیان‌آور او در حقوق ایران و انگلیس
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق مدنیمریم تفضلی مهرجردی 1 , بهشید ارفع نیا 2 *
1 - کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی،گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشیار حقوق خصوصی،گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد تهران مرکز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: مسئولیت مدنی, سرپرست, صغیر, فعل زیان بار, جبران خسارت. ,
چکیده مقاله :
صغار(Minors) به علت کمی سن یا اختلالات جسمانی، نمی‌توانند امور خویش را شخصاً اداره کنند و در عرصه‌ی زندگی احتیاج به کمک دیگران دارند، قانون گذار به حمایت از آنان شتافته و علاوه بر حجر که برای حفظ حقوق و منافع آنان مقرر کرده، شخص یا اشخاصی را برای اداره‌ی امور ایشان در نظر گرفته است. مسئولیت مدنی سرپرست در برابر صغیر خواه به موجب قانون و خواه به موجب قرارداد مبتنی بر تقصیر می‌باشد و در صورتی که سرپرست در نگهداری صغار کوتاهی کرده باشد مسئول شناخته می‌شود. در نظام حقوقی ایران به موجب ماده 1238 قانون مدنی و ماده 7 قانون مسئولیت مدنی چنان چه سرپرست در نگهداری صغیر تقصیر کند و طفل خسارتی به دیگران وارد کند سرپرست وی عهده دار جبران زیان او می‌باشد و در نظام کامن لا تحقق مسئولیت مدنی سرپرست، تقصیر و کوتاهی از جانب او می‌باشد و چنان چه کوتاهی در نگهداری طفل کرده باشد مسئول شناخته می‌شود.
Minors cannot manage their affairs personally because of their age or physical disabilities and they need the help of others in the realm of life. The legislator has been supporting them, in addition to the stone that has been prescribed for the protection of their rights and interests, Has designated a person or persons to manage their affairs. The civil liability of the supervisor against a minor is either a law or a fault-based contract and he is held liable if the supervisor declines to keep the money. In the Iranian legal system under Article 1238 Civil Law and Article 7 Civil Liability Law if the supervisor fails to maintain custody and harm the child to others and common law system, it is the responsibility of the superintendent to fulfill the civil responsibility of the child, and he is held responsible for what he has done in the custody of the child.
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