بهداشت و حقوق کودک در فضای مجازی
محورهای موضوعی : Children's rights
محمد طاعتی سرشکه
1
(کارشناس ارشد حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، موسسه آموزش عالی احرار، رشت، ایران.)
سیده مریم اسدی نژاد
2
(پزشک عمومی، عضو هیأت علمی حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، مؤسسه فناوری و آموزش عالی احرار، رشت، ایران.)
کلید واژه: حق, سلامت, کودک, فضای مجازی, اسناد بین المللی ,
چکیده مقاله :
حق محوری‌ترین مفهوم علم حقوق است،ابهام در تعریف و توصیف آن سبب ایجاد انتظارات نابجا و به تبع آن احساس بی‌عدالتی می‌گردد. با توجه به مفهوم انتزاعی حق، پژوهشگر برای رهایی از برداشت اشتباه باید به سراغ ابزارهای تحلیلی رود،استفاده از نظریه ی هوفلددر شناسایی و بسط انواع حقوق به یاری پژوهشگر می آید. حق کودک نیز به واسطه ی جایگاه ویژه ایشان در پایه گذاری آینده اجتماع بشری از یک سو و از سوی دیگر آسیب پذیری ایشان به عنوان نخستین کسانی که در معرض هجوم مستقیم آسیب ها قرار میگیرند مورد حمایت خاص نهاد اجتماع قرار گرفته است،البته چگونگی نقض حقوق کودکان،در نقاط مختلف جهان متفاوت است.در کشورهای در حال توسعه، کودکان، بیشتر با فقر و پی آمدهای ناشی از آن مانند سوءتغذیه، کمبود امکانات بهداشتی، درمانی و آموزشی مواجهند و در کشورهای توسعه یافته،مشکلات اخلاقی و ضعف بنیاد خانواده گریبان گیر آنان است. در هر حال بازیگران اصلی این عرصه یعنی خانواده و بخش خصوصی و حاکمیت باید در تعاملی همه جانبه سعی در صیانت همه جانیه از این مفهوم نمایند.تنهایی،افسردگی،اضطراب،عزت نفس پایین و مشکلات جسمی همچون دیابت و خشکی چشم برخی از مشکلات احتمالی کودکان در استفاده بیش از حد و یا ورود زود هنگام به فضای مجازی است. اعتیاد به این فضا سبب کاهش انگیزه کودک برای تعامل با دیگران شده که خود اثرات منفی بر ارتباط شخصی و تعاملات اجتماعی او دارد. یکی از ساده ترین راه های جلوگیری از بروز این مشکل محدود کردن مدت زمان استفاده از اینترنت است.گسترش فضای مجازی و تاثیر فراوان این زمینه بر زندگی و هنجار لزوم صیانت از حقوق کوکان این عرصه را بدنبال می آورد، سعی نگارنده در این مقاله بر این است تا با استفاده از روش توصیفی و تحلیلی در شناسایی حق و ساختار تحلیلی آن ، تعریف کودک و فضای مجازی و بهداشت و سلامت و همچنین شناسایی حقوق او در رابطه میان کودک با فضای مجازی در قوانین موضوعه ایران و سایر قوانین و اسناد بین المللی پرداخته و گوی به اعتدال زند. ﺩﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻼﻗﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ،ﺻﺪﺍﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺎﻧﺘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
Right is the most central concept of legal science, the ambiguity in its definition and description causes misplaced expectations and, as a result, the feeling of injustice. According to the abstract concept of right, the researcher should go to analytical tools to get rid of the misconception, using Hofeld's theory in identifying and expanding the types of rights helps the researcher.The right of the child has been given special support by the institution of society due to their special position in the foundation of the future of human society on the one hand and their vulnerability as the first ones who are exposed to the direct attack of harm. Of course, how children's rights are violated is different in different parts of the world. In developing countries, children mostly face poverty and its consequences such as malnutrition, lack of health, medical and educational facilities. And in developed countries, moral problems and the weakness of the family foundation plague them. In any case, the main players in this arena, namely the family, the private sector, and the government, should try to protect everyone from this concept in an all-round interaction.Loneliness, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem and physical problems such as diabetes and dry eyes are some of the possible problems of children in excessive use or early entry into cyber space.Addiction to this space has reduced the child's motivation to interact with others, which has negative effects on his (her) personal communication and social interactions. One of the easiest ways to prevent this problem is to limit the time you use the Internet.The expansion of cyberspace and the great impact of this field on the life and norm of the need to protect the rights of the children in this field, The author's attempt in this article is to use the descriptive and analytical method to identify the right and its analytical structure, define the child and virtual space and health and health and also identify his rights in the relationship between the child and the virtual space in the relevant laws of Iran and Other international laws and documents are discussed and called for moderationIn the current research, the ethical aspects of library study, including the authenticity of texts, honesty and trustworthiness, have been observed
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