تفسیر ماده540 قانون مدنی با تاکید بر اصل حسن‌نیت (بررسی تطبیقی در حقوق کشورهای اسلامی، فقه امامیه و حقوق ایران)
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق مدنی
فرشید خسروی
1
(کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی،گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.)
محمد کهنی
2
(استادیار حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد مرکز بین المللی بندرا نزلی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، انزلی ، ایران.)
کلید واژه: اصل حسن نیت, اجرت المثل, قوه قاهره, عامل. ,
چکیده مقاله :
عقد مزارعه از جمله عقود مستمر و موقت است، لذا براي صحت آن لازم است مدت آن معين شود، گاهي با وجود تعيين مدت ممكن است در نتيجه رخ دادن قوه قاهره در مدت تعيين شده زرع نرسد و قابل برداشت نشود، در خصوص اين حالت مقنن در ماده ٥٤٠ هرگاه عقد مزارعه منقضي شود و اتفاقا زرع نرسيده باشد مزارع »: قانون مدني بيان ميدارد در خصوص حكم .« حق دارد كه زراعت را ازاله كند يا آن را با اخذ اجرت المثل ابقاء كند اين ماده اختلاف نظر زيادي در بين فقها و حقوقدانان وجود دارد. در پژوهش حاضر سعي شده است ضمن بررسي و نقد نظريات مطرح شده در اين مورد، تفسيري بر مبناي اصل حسن نيت ارايه شود. همچنين راه حل حقوقي كشورهاي ديگر نظير مصر و قطر بطور اجمالي مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است.
The agricultural contract is one of the continuous and temporary contracts, therefore, for its validity, it is necessary to determine its duration, sometimes, despite the determination of the duration, as a result of the occurrence of force majeure, the crop may not reach and be harvested within the specified period, regarding this legislative situation. Article 540 of the Civil Code states: "If the farm contract expires and the crop has not yet been planted, the farmer has the right to remove the crop or to maintain it by charging a reasonable fee." Regarding the ruling of this article, there are many differences of opinion among jurists and jurists. In the present research, an attempt has been made to provide an interpretation based on the principle of good faith while reviewing and criticizing the ideas presented in this case. Also, the legal solution of other countries such as Egypt and Qatar has been briefly examined.
Asghari Agh Mashhadhi, Fakhreddin and Ali Mohammadzadeh (2006). The status of planting
after the expiration of the plantation, articles and reviews, Tehran University Theology Faculty
Journal, Dofter 82, 19-9.
Emami, Seyyed Hasan (2004). Civil Laws, Vol. 2, Tehran: Islamiya Publications.
Ansari, Ali (2009). The concept and meaning of good faith in Iranian and French law, comparative
law researches (Humanities Lecturer), Volume 13, Number 4, 19-44.
Amini, Mansour and Ebrahimi Yahya (2011). Good faith in contracts - from theory to practice,
comparative law, volume 2, number 2, p. 23.
Boroujerdi Abdo, Mohammad (2012). Civil Rights, Majd Publications
Hali, Hassan bin Yusuf bin Ali bin Motahar [Allameh Hali] (2009). Tadzkira al-Fiqha, Tehran:
Mortazavi
Hali, Najm al-Din Jafar bin Zahedri (2007). Ayatollah Tardat al-Shari'i, Volume 1, Qom:
Publications of Ayatollah Murashi Najafi Library..
Khoei, Sidabul al-Qasim (1988). The basics of al-Arwa al-Waghti, vol. 1, Qom: Dar al-Alam school
pamphlets.
Khoei, Sidabul al-Qasim (1997). Al-Imam Al-Khoei Encyclopaedia, Volume 31, Qom: Institute for
Revival of Imam Al-Khoei's Works.
Khoeini, Ghafoor and Milad Mashaikh (2014). A comparative study of the influence theory in
covering the legal personality of commercial companies on the assumption of partner or partners
fraud in the legal system from England, Qatar and Iran, Adalat private law research paper, volume
two, number 4.
Al-Sanhouri, Abdul Razzaq (2009). Al-Wasit fi al-Sarhal Law of Al-Madani Al-Jadeed, vol. 6,
Beirut: Atal Hablial Law Charter.
Shahroudi, Seyyed Mahmoud (2005). Researches in agricultural jurisprudence, Qom: Institute of
Islamic jurisprudence on the religion of Ahl al-Bayt.
Saimiri, Mufleh bin Hasan (1999). Ghaya al-Marram Fischer Sharia al-Islam, vol. 2, Beirut: Dar
al-Hadi.
Tabatabaei, Seyyed Ali bin Muhammad (1997). Riyad al-Masal, vol. 9, Qom: Al-Bayt Institute
(A.S.).
Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad Sadegh and Seyyed Hossein Asaadi (2015). Researching the effect
of the Cairo Authority on the state of agriculture after the expiration of the term of farming,
Jurisprudential Research, Volume 12, Number 4, 663-694.
Tussi, Abu Jaafar bin Muhammad bin Hassan (2008). Al-Mabsut fi fiqh al-Umamiyah, vol. 3,
Tehran: Mortazavi.
Adl, Mustafa (2014). Civil rights, by Mohammad Reza Bandarchi, Khorsandi Publications.
Aziz Suleiman, Shirzad (PITA). Good faith in concluding contracts, a study in the light of internal
laws and international agreements, 1st edition, Dar Degla, Amman, Jordan.
Fakhr al-Haqqin, Muhammad bin Hasan bin Yusuf (1998). Idah al-Fawadee, vol. 2, Qom:
Ismailian Institute.
Katouzian, Nasser (2009). Moin contracts, vol. 1, publication joint stock company.
Katouzian, Nasser (2010). Moin contracts, vol. 2, publication joint stock company.
Karki, Ali bin Hossein [Karki researcher] (1990). Jami al-Maqasad fi Sharh al-Qasas, Beirut: Al-
Bayt Lahia al-Tratah Institute.
Kashiri, Isa (1995). The application of jurisprudence rules in law with a comparative study of the
rules of Asr and Harj, Volume 1.
Najafi, Mohammad Hassan (2015). Jawaharlal Kalam in the description of Sharia al-Islam,
Tehran: Darul Kitab Islamia.
Vodjani Fakhr, Ghodrat-o-llah (2005). Jawaharlal-Fakhriyyah fi Sharh al-Rawzah al-Bahiya, vol.
9, Qom: Sama Qalam Publications.