جايگاه اصل حسن نيت در حقوق ايران و اصول قراردادهاي تجاري بين المللي(در مراحل مذاکرات،انعقاد،اجرا وتفسیر قراردادی)
محورهای موضوعی : commercial law
نازیلا تقوی
1
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه گیلان، ایران.)
کلید واژه: مفهوم حسن نیت, حقوق ایران, اصول قراردادهای بین المللی,
چکیده مقاله :
حسن نیت به عنوان یکی از اصول اخلاقی، در حقوق قراردادها جایگاهی بس شگرف یافته است در قانون ما جای یک ماده ی مستقلی برای رعایت حسن نیت خالی است. اما با جستجو در مواد قوانین مختلف به خصوص بیمه و استناد به آنها می توان، می توان قاعده ی کلی را از طریق استقرا در قوانین جهت رعایت حسن نیت وضع و اجرا کرد و طرفین قرارداد را ملزم به رعایت آن در تمام مراحل قرارداد اعم از مذاکرات قراردادی، انعقاد، اجرا و تفسیر نمود. در واقع مصادیق قانونی چون، خیارات، احکام بیان شده در زمینه ی اکراه و اضطرار، اصل غیر قابل استناد بودن ایرادات، معاملات تاجر ورشکسته بعد از تصدیق قبولی و ... را می توان نشان از پذیرش این اصل در حقوق ایران، قلمداد نمود. در مقابل ماده ی 1-7 اصول قراردادهای تجاری بین المللی مقرر داشته طرفین باید مطابق با حسن نیت و معامله ی منصفانه عمل نمایند. براین اساس ، اصل حسن نیت در کلیه مراحل قراردادی باید رعایت گردد.کارکرد این قاعده در جای جای این اصول مشاهده می شود.
Good faith principle, as one of the ethical principles, has a significant place in contract law. In our law, there is no separate article to observe good faith. However, by searching the provisions of various laws, especially insurance laws, and referring to them, we can infer a general rule for observing good faith in laws and make the parties to the contract obliged to observe it in all stages of the contract, including negotiation, conclusion, performance and interpretation. In fact, legal examples such as options, provisions regarding coercion and necessity, non-reliability of defects, deals of bankrupt merchants after acceptance, etc. can be considered as evidence of accepting this principle in Iranian law. On the other hand, according to Article 1-7 of the Principles of International Commercial Contracts, the parties must act in accordance with good faith and fair dealing. Therefore, the principle of good faith must be observed in all stages of the contract. The function of this rule can be seen in various provisions of these principles.
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