بررسی شیوه‌های جبران خسارات صغیر در حقوق ایران و انگلیس
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق مدنی
مریم تفضلی مهرجردی
1
(کارشناسی ارشدحقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق و الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
بهشید ارفع نیا
2
(دانشیارحقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: جبران خسارت, زیان‌دیده, افعال زیان‌آور, تقصیر, سرپرست, صغیر,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف مسئولیت مدنی جبران خسارت زیان‌دیده است. درصورتی‌که شرایط و ارکان مسئولیت مدنی سرپرست صغیر جمع باشد، زیان‌دیده حق دارد جبران خساراتی را که به او واردشده است از سرپرست بخواهد؛ در حقوق ایران، مقصود از جبران خسارت زیان‌دیده، برگرداندن وضع او به حالت پیشین خود است. بدین معنی که خسارت واردشده چنان جبران و تدارک شود که گویی از اصل خسارتی وارد نگردیده است. سرپرست صغیر مانند هر مسئول مدنی دیگر، تنها نسبت به خسارات قابل انتساب به خود که ناشی از فعل صغیر باشد مسئولیت دارد. در نظام کامن لا، مسئولیت مدنی ناشی از فعل یا ترک فعلی است که عمدتاً به علت بی‌احتیاطی عامل زیان موجب خسارت به دیگری شده است و او باید نسبت به جبران آن اقدام نماید. لذا برای تعیین الگوی مراقبت و تطبیق عملکرد شخص زیان زننده با عملکرد شخص متعارف مورد ارزیابی قرار می‌گیرد که گاه مربوط به فعل شخص زیان زننده (مثل احتمال ورود ضرر و میزان خسارت محتمل‌الوقوع) و گاه مربوط به شخص زیان‌دیده می‌شود.
The purpose of civil liability is to compensate the injured party. If the terms and conditions of civil liability of the minor guardian are met, the injured party has the right to seek compensation from the guardian. In Iranian law, the purpose of compensating the injured party is to return him/her to his/her former state. This means that the damage caused should be compensated and restored in a way as if it has not been occurred at all. The minor guardian, like any other civil responsible person, is only liable for the attributable damages resulting from the minor’s act. In the common law system, civil liability arises from the act or omission, which has caused damage to the other, mainly due to the negligence of the perpetrator, and he/she must take action to compensate it. If in order to determine the pattern of care and compliance, the performance of the harmful person is evaluated with the performance of the normal person, which is sometimes related to the action of the harmful person such as probability of loss and probable damage and sometimes related to the injured person.
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