بررسي حقوقي و فقهي وجوه اشتراك و افتراق عمل حقوقي تسليم و تسلم مبيع و تقارن زماني اين دو عمل حقوقي در عقد بيع
محورهای موضوعی : فقه و حقوق اسلامیصالح یمرلی 1 * , رضا شهیدی صادقی 2
1 - استادیار حقوق خصوصی، گروه الهیات و فقه و مبانی حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی و تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران.
2 - دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران.
کلید واژه: عقد بیع, حقوق مدنی, فقه امامیه, تسلیم مبیع, تسلم مبیع, تقارن زمانی.,
چکیده مقاله :
عقود معاوضي ازجمله عقود حائز اهميت و پركاربرد در نظامهاي حقوقي مختلف و نيز عرصه تعاملات اجتماعي كشورها ميباشد كه از ادوار گذشته تاكنون چه در عالم حقوق بهويژه در حوزه حقوق خصوصي و بهويژه حقوق قراردادها و چه در حوزه فقه اماميه مورد مقررات گذاري و توجه از سوي قانونگذاران و شارع مقدس بوده است. بهموجب تصريح قانونگذار قانون مدني ايجاب ميكند كه همواره شرايط اساسي صحت عقود ازجمله در عقود معاوضي مورد ملاحظه و رعايت از سوي طرفين عقد (بايع و مشتري) قرار گرفته تا عقد منعقده از حيث وضعيت حقوقي و فقهي صحيح، معتبر و نافذ تلقي شود. يكي از اين شرايط صحت عقود و بهطور اخص صحت عقد بيع، وجود داشتن موضوع عقد يعني همان مبيع و متعاقب آن، لزوم قابليت تسليم آن به طرف مقابل عقد (مشتري) و از طرف مقابل، تسلم (قبض) آن در راستاي ايفاي تعهدات قراردادي است. در اين مقاله كه بهصورت توصيفي تحليلي به نگارش در آمده است، نگارندگان تلاش نمودهاند تا شرايط و اوصاف نظري و عملي اعمال حقوقي تسليم و تسلم مبيع را تبيين نموده و اختلافات منعقده و بحثهاي تحليلي حادثه ميان حقوقدانان و فقهاي اماميه را در مانحن فيه مطرح گردانيده و ضمن بررسي وجوه اشتراك و افتراق ميان تسليم و تسلم مبيع در عقد بيع و نيز بحث تقارن زماني آنها، به يك جمعبندي و نقطهنظر واحد در خصوص موضوع مزبور نائل آيند.
Reciprocal contracts are among the important and also widely used contracts in the legal and judicial systems as well as the social arena of countries that have been regulated since ancient times, especially in the field of law, especially in the field of private law and personal relations, contract law and Islamic jurisprudence which regulated and attentioned by legislators and Sharia has been holy. according to the Iranian legislator, the essential elements for the validity of a contract in reciprocal contracts have always been considered by the parties to the contract (contractors) so that the contract is considered valid and effective in conditions of legal and jurisprudential status. one of these essential elements the validity of contract and in particular the contract of sale, the existence of the object of the contract and necessity for seller ability to delivery of object to the other party to the contract and their taking possession in order to fulfill contractual obligations. In this article, the author has tried to briefly state the conditions and characteristics of legal actions of taking possession and delivery, and then discuss the differences and analytical discussions of the incident between lawyer and jurisconsult and in addition, to stating the differences between taking possession and delivery and to the contract of sale, wants to reach to a result and point of view on this matter.
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