rent

Open Access Article

1 - Investigating The Relationship Between Lease And To Put Decision In Iranian Law
Mehdi Hamzeh Hoveida Kourosh Bayat

There has been a lot of research on rent and forgery, but little research has been done on the relationship between rent and forgery, so research in this case is necessary. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between rent and forgery More

There has been a lot of research on rent and forgery, but little research has been done on the relationship between rent and forgery, so research in this case is necessary. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between rent and forgery with respect to According to jurists, these results have been achieved through the library collection method. Lease is considered as a contract, while there are disagreements about the to put of the contract, which according to the definition of the contract in the civil law, forgery is also considered as a contract and the to put and agent are committed to do a series of things. The important difference between a lease contract and a to put contract is that a lease contract is necessary, but a forgery contract is permissible, and also in some rulings such as determining the agent and the action and the duration and exchange of the conditions of validity are different. Although the lease contract is different from the to put contract, but they are similar in other respects as well, such as being a covenant, being in exchange, being a trustee, and so on. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Apparent Representation And Its Effects In Iran's Jurisprudential Legal System And Common Law
Ebadollah Rostami Chalkasari Ali Jamalzadeh

"Apparent representation" originates from English law and does not fall under the usual definitions of representation. In this theory, the first person through his behavior has caused the other to be recognized as his representative, and the third to imagine and acknowl More

"Apparent representation" originates from English law and does not fall under the usual definitions of representation. In this theory, the first person through his behavior has caused the other to be recognized as his representative, and the third to imagine and acknowledge the representation, while there is no representative relationship between them in the way that is usually expected. Therefore, the first person cannot deny the representation. In Imami jurisprudence, the special word "apparent representation" has not attracted the attention of jurists and there are no rulings around it, but this does not indicate the absence of a similar opinion and its inadmissibility in Imami jurisprudence. The purpose of the research is to compare this theory and its works with similar institutions in Imami jurisprudence. It is thought that the mentioned theory is sometimes effective in facilitating legal practices, so according to the scope of jurisprudence, comparative research in this regard may be effective in Islamic business. In this research, it is expected that the effects of apparent representation and its similar institutions are different in nature, but there is no significant conflict between them. The research method is searching and collecting sources (books, articles,...) and taking notes from them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - A Critique On The Shortcomings Of The Law On Landlord And Tenant Relations in 1997
Amirreza Mahmoudi Mostafa Abbasi Seyedeh Mahshid Miri Balajurshri

The story of landlord-tenant relations is a story, almost old. For a long time, landlords have sought to rent their property at a higher price by vacating it, and tenants have always wanted to pay a lower rent and stay in their place. The story of renting business premi More

The story of landlord-tenant relations is a story, almost old. For a long time, landlords have sought to rent their property at a higher price by vacating it, and tenants have always wanted to pay a lower rent and stay in their place. The story of renting business premises has been complicated twice. There is something called head lock and a phenomenon called the right to trade and trade in the relationship between the lessor and the lessee of the place of business, which increases the depth of the differences between the two. The principle in the lease contract is that the tenant vacates the premises at the end of the lease term and hands it over to the lessor. But it has never been so simple. Governments have always had to play the role of "regulator" and "arbiter" between these two. Anyway, the policies of the governments in this field started from the policy of limiting the rights of the owners and gradually it has been oriented towards the liberalization of relations and compliance with the free market economy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Examining The Foundations, Competence And Nature Of Internal And External Courts
Fatemeh Ramezani Abbas Taghvaee

The anticipated principle regarding the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court is the principle of supplementary jurisdiction, which only governs the relationship between the jurisdiction of the Court and national courts. Jurisdiction, as one of the features o More

The anticipated principle regarding the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court is the principle of supplementary jurisdiction, which only governs the relationship between the jurisdiction of the Court and national courts. Jurisdiction, as one of the features of the government's sovereignty, has passed the traditional territorial rule and objects and It includes the property of Khalraj from the territory of the government. The expansion of jurisdiction rules, which is justified based on the interests of the government and the legitimate interests of individuals, in some cases imposes huge costs on litigants and hearing authorities. Ensuring public interests and conducting a fair trial requires that the hearing authority refrain from exercising broad jurisdiction by considering indicators such as parallel proceedings in a foreign country, the existence of suitable conditions for proceedings in a foreign country, or the need to observe courtesy towards the foreign government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Analytical Study of the Differences between the 1956 and 1976 Rent Laws and Their Advantages and Disadvantages
Fateme Farad_e_falsafi

The right to rent and the right to occupation, profession, or trade are among the most important issues related to leasing, which have a very important place in legal and economic discussions. The change and evolution of this legal and regulatory institution has always More

The right to rent and the right to occupation, profession, or trade are among the most important issues related to leasing, which have a very important place in legal and economic discussions. The change and evolution of this legal and regulatory institution has always been sensitive and controversial. In this research, we intend to examine the differences between the 1956 and 1976 rent laws and their advantages and disadvantages in a library manner. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Examining the nature and comparing the lease with the condition of ownership to the suspended contract in Iranian law.
Donya Hosseini moghadam

The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the nature of "rent with the condition of ownership" with suspended contracts in Iranian law. Although the "rent with the condition of ownership" contract originated and developed in the Western legal system, due to it More

The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the nature of "rent with the condition of ownership" with suspended contracts in Iranian law. Although the "rent with the condition of ownership" contract originated and developed in the Western legal system, due to its advantages over similar legal institutions such as installment sales, suspended sales, and rental contracts, it can also be a suitable substitute for these legal institutions in our country's legal system. At first glance, it may seem that this contract is a rental agreement in which a condition for the tenant to become the owner is included at the end of the contract. However, it should be noted that "rent with the condition of ownership" has many similarities with contracts such as installment sales with a void condition, suspended sales, rental contracts, and mortgages. Despite these similarities, there are also significant differences with these contracts. Therefore, this contract cannot be included in the framework of any of these contracts, and it must be accepted that "rent with the condition of ownership" is an independent contract. Insisting on including this contract in the framework of other contracts creates problems that harm both parties and do not correspond to their wishes. One of these differences is the difference in the characteristics and nature of suspended contracts. A suspended contract is a contract whose occurrence and realization are subject to the occurrence of another event. In fact, a suspended contract is a contract that does not have any legal effect after (offer and acceptance), meaning that an agreement is reached and a contract is concluded, but its effect is not created and is subject to an incident. The widespread use of these types of contracts in recent years has made it necessary to identify their nature and provisions. Manuscript profile

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